In this documentation, we'll see how to change the logo on any Checkout page.
Here's what we're going to edit:

Follow along:
Step 1: Go to the 'Design' tab in Checkout
Next, click on 'Edit' to edit the template using the built-in Customizer.

Step 2: Click on the pencil icon beside the logo to edit it
On the left-hand side panel, you'll see the option to change the logo or remove it.

Click on the Select Image button, and choose the logo you want to use.
Step 3: Hit the 'Publish' button
When you've added the logo of your choice, hit the Publish button.

This will save your changes.
Here's the final output:

This is how you can change the logo on your Checkout page.